"My young children are not the color of their skin someday, but I have a dream of living in a country that is not judged by the nature of their personality"
Doctor Martin Luther King Jr.
March of Washington Speech, August 1963
On January 15, 1929, Martin Luther King Jr. (1929-1968), the leader of the American civil rights movement and insistence of non-violent protest movement, American pastor and Nobel laureate, . His father was Minister of Baptist and served as pastor of Ebenezer Baptist, a large Atlanta church. This church was founded by Mother's grandfather Martin Luther King Jr. Martin was appointed as Baptist Minister at the age of 18.
In addition to public elementary school and high school, he attended a private high school at the University of Atlanta. King entered Morehouse College as a special student of 15 years old in September 1944. He acquired a bachelor's degree in sociology in 1948. In the fall of that year, the King entered Crozier Theological Seminary in Chester, Pennsylvania, and three years later he acquired a bachelor's degree in theology. The ability of the citizen who was supposed to have been raised as his height increased in the civil rights movement slowly developed in college days. He received the 2nd prize in the speech contest in the Faculty of Morehouse, but in the first year at Crozer he received C on two general courses. However, at the end of the third year of closer, the professors praised the king for a strong impression in his speech and debate. King was awarded a PhD in Boston University in 1955. Through his education, King influenced the struggle of people whose related Christian theology was oppressed. At Morehouse, Crozer, Boston University, he learned the teachings on non-violent protests of Indian leader Mohandas Gandhi. King also read and heard the preaching of White Protestant ministers who preceded American racism. Benjamin E. Mays, chairman of Morehouse, leader of the racist pastor's national community, was particularly important in shaping King's theological development.
While in Boston, the King met a Coretta Scott living in Alabama, a music student. They got married on June 18, 1953 and had four children. In 1954, King accepted his first pastor at the Dexter Avenue Baptist Church in Montgomery, Alabama. The church was recently led by a minister who protested against isolation.
He was a resident of Mosago Mary and less than a year after Rosa Parks ratified the law regulating the seats for local transportation agencies. It was elected as chairman of the Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA) soon and was an organization directing the bus boycott. A serious attitude of King and a consistent appeal to Christian brothers and American idealism gave a positive impression to the whites in the South. Violent incidents against black protesters, including royal bombing, attracted media attention to Montgomery. In February 1956, a lawyer at MIA filed a lawsuit in the federal court seeking an injunction against Montgomery's separation practice. The federal court ordered the MIA to abolish the city bus, but the municipal government sent a ruling to the US Supreme Court. For 12 months, there is a refinable car pool instead of public transport. Initially, the bus company laughed at the black protest, but because the economic influence of the bureaucrat was felt, the company bought a settlement. Meanwhile, the legal action ended the bus separation policy. On June 5, 1956, the Federal District Court ruled that the Bus Separation Policy violated Article 14 amendment and that the state prohibits denying equal rights to any citizen . The boycott is over and a person with charismatic leadership, Martin Luther King, Jr.
When the Supreme Court supported the House Court decision in November 1956, the King was a figure of the state. His memoir of the bus, boycott, History of Freedom (1958) explained the experience and further the national influence of King more deeply.
The famous black Baptist ministers in the south urged the success of boycotts to play a major role in the struggle for black citizenship and accept the president of the newly formed Southern Christian Leaders Conference (SCLC) - the Black Church And Ministerial Organization It is intended to challenge race discrimination. As President of SCLC, King became the dominant personality of the organization and its major intellectual influence. He was responsible for much of the organization's financing which frequently preaches at the northern church.
In January 1960, he resigned from his pastor Montgomery, moved to Atlanta, Georgia, and had the headquarters of SCLC. SCLC called for the king and other SCLC leaders to encourage the use of nonviolent direct actions for discrimination withdrawal and to complete the legal enforcement of NAACP to dismantle the separation by the court. These activities included marches, demonstrations, boycotts. Direct actions induced by several white people historically forced the federal government to face unfair and racism issues in the south violent response. The citizen's discrimination in the 1950s and the 1960s and the challenge to racial discrimination helped many white Americans support the cause of citizenship in the United States.
In 1963, a letter from Birmingham Prison (Letter from Birmingham Jail, insisting that it is his moral responsibility not to obey unjust law, every year he has his own "I have a dream Speech to those who caught civil rights at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington DC In 1964, King was honored as Man of the Year of Time Magazine and received the Nobel Peace Prize in Oslo, Norway Dr. King In response to receiving the award for the citizenship movement, "As soon as possible, you will have to find a way for all the people of the world to live together in peace, and this bent Creative hymns Brotherhood Love's king's efforts were not limited to ensuring citizenship.He also opposed poverty and the Vietnam War.In 1966 and 1967, King Is a civil rights movement We move the focus on economic issues.
He began to discuss the redistribution of the economic wealth of the country to overcome the black poverty. In 1967, he began planning the poverty campaign to put pressure on Diet members to tackle the problem of economic justice. After being assassinated at the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tennessee on April 4, 1968, he was named James Earlay and sentenced to 99 years in prison. The FBI believed that the King had been tied to Communists and other forces, but the King became a symbol of protests of racial justice struggle. Finally, President Ronald Reagan signed a law that celebrates Martin Luther King, Jr.'s birthday in 1983 (the third Monday of March every year).
King's nonviolentism was strongly influenced by Indian leader Mohandas Gandhi's teachings. It is different from the majority of civil rights activists who have regarded nonviolence as a useful tactic. King followed the principle of Gandhi's pacifism. In the King 's opinion, the citizens' demonstration participants who were assaulted by hostile white people and imprisoned educated and transformed oppressors through their salvationary remedial nature.
SCLC helped organize students' non-violent coordination committee (SNCC) to coordinate the protest actions at meetings held at the show university in Raleigh, North Carolina. As a direct result of Sit In, southern lunch counters began to serve black people, and other public facilities were abolished.
Important interactions between behaviors and correspondence developed between government and civil rights advocates. And it was this interaction that did much to speed up the pace of social change.
The most important direct action demonstration began under the leadership of Dr. King and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference on April 3, 1963 in Birmingham, Alabama. Demonstrators requested the establishment of a committee to plan fair employment opportunities, evacuation of public facilities and elimination of racial discrimination. While King was arrested and attributed, he wrote his famous "Letters from Birmingham Prison" to colleagues critical of civilian tactics. King was arrested seven times or more during many civil rights campaigns in the south.
On August 28, 1963, more than 250,000 Americans with many religious and ethnic backgrounds gathered in Washington, making the biggest demonstration in the history of the nation's capital. An orderly march moved from the Washington Monument to the Lincoln Memorial. At the Lincoln Memorial Hall, it was electrified into demonstrators with eloquent expressions that I hope to fully realize in America's dreams. One of the most famous passages in the speech, King declared as follows:
"If you forgive freedom, let all the villages, all the villages, all the provinces and cities sounder, children of God, black men, white men, Jews and Gentiles, Protestant and Catholics join hands , You will be able to sing with the words of the old Negro spirit.Finally it's free, thankful to Almighty God, we are finally free.
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