The author of John Galsworthy seems to evolve abnormally and smoothly, drawing out a conscientious and impossible creative impulse. However, he is not one of those who turned quickly and without resistance without complaints. Born and like English, he studied at Hello and Oxford, with an economically independent silver spoon, in his mouth, he chose the law without practicing it and traveled all over the world. When I first wrote a letter at the age of 28, it was a recommendation of a woman friend who had reasons immediately. It was clearly a mere recreation with no intrinsic prejudice of gentlemen. Writing occupation. His first two story collections were published under the pen name of John Shin John, and that edition was immediately withdrawn by a self-determination novice. Until he turned 37, he published a novel by the island Phillies (1904) and started a real writer, but in two years later he became a monumental ringleader who was the origin of fame , Forsythe Saga.
He quoted Garruwasy when he was awarded the Nobel Prize
Galsworthy is Kingston Hill in Surrey, England, where wealthy family of the middle class, father, John Galsworthy, lawyers and directors of several companies, and Blanche Bartleet, the daughter of the mother, Midland, were born. Galsworthy attended Harrow and New College (Oxford University), trained as a lawyer, and was called to the bar in 1890. I did not expect to enforce the law, but while pursuing unfortunate romance,. During his study, he gained fame as a cricket or football player, but he was not writing. He was planning to write a study on warm blooded horses in the past.
During the journey he met Joseph Conrad, became the first member of a sailing ship anchored in the port of Adelaide in Australia, and they became close friends. In the letter, he said as follows. "The first companion is Paul called Conrad, which is strange to see, but the capital city, he is a traveling and experienced person in many parts of the world, I am drawing freely." This meeting is based on Garuwasai's law I gave up and convinced me to concentrate on writing.
In 1895 Girlsworthy began a relationship with Ad Nemesis Pearson, one of his cousins' wives. He lived secretly for ten years. Because he does not want to give pain to his father. They will not acknowledge the relationship. As his father died in 1904, Galswasy became financially independent and married Ada in 1905. They stayed together until they died in 1933. She also gave inspiration to many of Girlsworthy's female characters. The previous unfortunate marriage with Galsworthy's cousin formed the foundation of The Man of Property (1906) novel beginning Forsyte Saga novel that established Galsworthy's reputation as a prominent British writer.
A work published for the first time by Galsworthy from Four Winds in 1823 was a collection of short stories, after which several works were published under the name John Sinjohn. Until the Pharisees of the island (1904), after my father's death, I will not start publishing under my own name. His first drama Silver Box (1906) was a success, followed it by The Man of Property (1906), the first of the Foresight Trilogy.
He made both theater and the novel continuously, but he was thankful mainly to that era like a playwright. Together with other writers in times like show, his theater tackled class systems and social problems. Two of his most famous plays were Strife (1909) and The Skin Game (1920).
He is now known for the "Foresight Saga" which is the first part of a trilogy of novels related to his novels, especially the families of prestigious families. As with many of their work, these deals with lessons, especially in middle and advanced classes. Despite being sympathetic to his character, he emphasizes their loneliness, obscene and captive attitude and their suffocating morals. The first appearance of the Forsatte family was in one of the stories of Devon's man (1901). The legend follows the life of 3 generations of British middle class before 1914. Soames Forsyte married a beautiful rebellious Irene, modeled on the writer's cousin Arthur Galsworthy. Soames rapes that his wife Ada Galsworthy suffered in the hands of her ex-husband Arthur. In Volume 2, In Changery (1920), Irene and Soames divorce. She marries Jolyon Forsyte, Soames cousin, and holds his son Jon. Soames and his second wife, Annette Lamotte, has a daughter Fleur. In Volume 3 "To Let (1921)", Fleur and John fall in love, but John refuses to marry her. The second part of the Foresight Chronicle including White Monkey (1924), Silver Spoon (1926), Swan Song (1928) begins in the afternoon of October 1922 and is closed in 1926 . Silent wine & # 39; passerby information & # 39;, two interviews came out in 1927.
Galsworthy returned to Forsyte's book world again in 1931. Roman Laurent, writer of Jean-Christophe (1904-1912), has created Roman Fluvet which is a special word for drawing a series of novels of this sort. This can be read separately, but it forms a consistent story.
Galsworthy recorded the change in the middle class family in England, but in the preface of White Monkey said that English characters have changed little since Soames and its generation Victorianism. He was still thinking English, but now it is one of the most terribly distorted races in the world, but did you have a race to compare with them because of a good mood and courage? And they needed a remarkable example to adapt to the climate and contemporary British environment with cigarette town people! I was able to choose British anywhere. However, physically, there is no general type! "Amazing people!"
Galsworthy is considered one of the first writers of the Edward era. He challenges his work on part of the ideals of society depicted in Victorian England literature. A depiction of an unfortunate married woman is a repeated theme in his work. Through his work he exercised for various causes such as prison reform, women's rights, animal welfare, censorship, and so on. Most of them are limited in appeal other than written age.
The first four books of Galsworthy were published at the expense of pseudonym John Sinjohn. After reading Maupassant and Turgenev, Galsworthy announced Villa Rubein (1900) and began to discover his own voice. These early efforts, written under the influence of Kipling and a Russian novelist, were heavily exaggeratedly written at a later time. The Pharisees of the island (1904) is the first book that came out with his own name. Galsuwasy was originally written in the first person, then written third and then revised again. The final version was not completed until 1908.
Garruwasy 's satire against the Pharisees of the island has already made clear the basic characteristics of writing all his outstanding works. This book deals with the fact that British gentlemen have stayed abroad for such a long time as to forget the area of conventional thought and emotion. He severely criticized the nationwide environment and, by doing so, he became acquainted with the English railway compartment casually and borrowed the help of Vagabond of Belgium which is his fate. At that time Gallusworthy was a cosmopolito prepared to fight the former capitalist aristocracy with almost the same program as George Bernard Shaw, but in contrast to the Irish who fought intellectual weapons, and imagination in particular. The ideal egoism of England's ruling class, which was the theme of Galsworthy 's debut, stayed in his plan for the future specialized only for his particular job. He has never got tired of fighting everything that seems to be narrow and harsh in a nationwide character and the continuation of his attacks against social evils shows his strong impression and a deeply injured feeling of justice .
In the type of Foresight, he was now aiming for an advanced middle class, but a rich businessman, although he has not yet reached his real talent, he has been to the well-known ideal of a solid and profound gentleman I strive for sympathy and instincts. These people are in particular to protect against dangerous feelings. But the fact that passion enters our lives and freedom does not rule out accidental defeat when we claim that right in the instinctive world of property. Elean's representative hairdresser does not like to live with a man in real estate. With intense anger at this time, Soames Forsyte becomes almost a tragic person. Fifteen years later, he picked up Forsythe again, but the influence of World War II fundamentally changed its view. But now this job has expanded. Two short story interviews were added to Chancery (1920) and To Let (1921), and Forsyte Saga was completed. Galsworthy wrote a new trilogy, A Modern Comedy, that did not end with a young member of the family. This trilogy has exactly the same structure as its predecessor, The White Monkey (1924), The Silver Spoon (1926), Swan Song (1928). These two trilogies together form a rare literary work. A novelist has been keeping a history of three generations, and succeeding in acquiring a material with a high degree of difficulty with a high degree of excellence is a very impressive achievement in English literature.
In the foreground of this chronicle are the daily reality that Forsythe experienced, all personal fortune, conflict, tragedy. But in the background you can see a dark cloth of historical events. For example, how did Soames explain a rapid investigation of the age from access to her throne, witnessing the funeral of Queen Victoria of Gray Weather in Hyde Park Fence along with his second wife See the chapter. The changed man became a monkey twice, God became a mammon - Mamon can be respected enough to deceive himself »In a fictional novel, the transformation and dissolution of the Victorian era through modern sunset Observe. In England, the first trilogy of the era when the fusion of nobility and plutt crashy was brought about along with the accompanying change of the concept of 'Indian summer' of rich Indian summer before the era of Arashi is alive I am doing. It is called «Saga», but «comedy» depicts the substantial crisis of England, aimed at transforming past ruins and improvised barracks during the war into future homes. Politicians, artists, children, and even dog gentlemen - solid businessmen, Girlsworthy particularly liked, solid women in corrupt society, aunts touched in an old way, rebellious young girls, gentlemen , Panorama of London living in front of our eyes and ears in concrete form.
This situation recurs as an interesting document of vibration and swell in families of a given genetic disposition. Individual portraits are distinguished and the law of social life is working.
In these novels we were able to observe the gradual change in the view of Garuwassee. The fundamental critic of culture raises his degree towards greater objectivity and purely towards a more liberal view of humanity thanks to him. Although the treatment of Soames was first beaten, I stated respect that passively grew and ultimately changed to true sympathy. Galsworthy is located above this sympathy. A thorough analysis of the character of Soames resulted in the most remarkable feature of Forsyte 's Saga and Dickender' s comedy. One of the last episodes of Old SOMSS Swan Song who ran to the ancestral village of the western coast, Forsythe & Farm was found with the help of the old census map. Only one stone carves its marks there. It remains in the mind of the reader. Something like a ghost of the way leads him to the valley of the grass and blocks the fur. He sucks in fresh and rough sea air, but it gradually goes to his head. He is dressed in his back, wearing his coat. Has his ancestor built himself in this lonely place? He is wondering. Their England stands in front of him. The UK's packed horses, smoke, peat and firewood fires, and the wives who have never left you, probably can not. He took a long time there and was absorbed in the birthplace feelings.
«And something moved in him as if salty autonomy of a lonely place was still in his bones. Old Young Young and the rest of his father and his uncle - there is this air and loneliness in their blood, and it is no wonder they were independent. I can not give up, I can not go, I can not die. For some time he seemed to understand even himself. »
In Galsworthy Soames will be one of the last representatives of static old England. There was no humbub in him, and we told you. He had a path of trial for him, but he was real. In Galsworthy 's realism, truth and reliable respect is gained in this way. Over time, as tired, cynical relaxation approaches so closely as to be modern, newsletters say that under other circumstances some hits are valued and sometimes constitute secrets of British resistance I found out. Overall, the novel after Galesworthy has penetrated the patriotic sense of self-defense that appears in the description of patriotism and nature research. Even those mentioned at the end are drawn in softer and more exotic poetry with the feeling of defending what is valuable but already hidden by the loss already. It may be an old room where you established yourself as if people stay there forever. Or you can have an English garden where the sun in September is beautifully shining with bronze leaves of Beech and 100 hedges of yews.
Especially the mature intrinsic character of The Country House (1907), Fretaniti (1901), Dark Flower (1913) is seen. In Manner's novel, he probably created his most exquisite women's portrait, Mrs Pendes. A perfect, unburned woman type with all gentle tragedies that surrounds the true noble nature, a tradition accused of being detained as being corrupt. In Fraternity, he is being tortured by a mixture of compassion and irony, an immature martyr of social conscience, the shadow of a proletarian group in London, but he can not carry out his altruism in a crucial step Impulse of behavior. Also, we are a utopian dreamer with an eternal monogram under the night sky, and in fact I meet the former original Mr. Stone, one of the most memorable types of Garthusseh. The dark flower may be called a spiritual sonata, but it is played with a skilled hand and is based on a change in passion and abdication of the era of men. Even in the form of a short story, Galsworthy was able to evoke emotional reactions through contrasts of shadows and lights which often function graphically. He can do this on just a few pages animated in his personal style. For example, in case of a simple case like a German shoe shop, please tell us in "quality". -price Industry.
The art of his story has constantly influenced the concepts of modern thought and thought at all times by appealing to education and justice. The same can be said of his dramatic work, but it often contributed directly to social discussions and brought a clear reform in at least one field. In the UK I feel that management of public prisons like Justice (1910) led to prison reform.
His drama is a combination of phenomenal rich ideas, ingenuity and technical skills. Once certain trends are found, they are always fair and humanitarian. Garruwassee plays written in a naturalistic style usually considers ethical or social problems which are controversial. For example, in The Forest (1924), he brands a rude spirit of greed, exploiting the spiritual heroism to conquer the British world for mean purpose. The show (1925) represents an individual's defenselessness against coverage in family tragedies, which curious newspaper curiosity performs like a deaf-mute and eliminates the possibility of someone owning the evils that resulted It is.
Loyalties (1922), dealing with the theme of anti-Semitism and being the most excellent in theater after him, is a testament to loyalty and a variety of circles, families, corporations, There are occupations, nations, etc. The power of these plays and other theaters is in logical structure and intensive action. Sometimes I have a poetic feeling far from trivial things. In particular, A Pigeon (1912) and A Bit o & # 39 Love (1915) did not have such a brilliant success. Silver Box (1906), as well as many other works, as a theme of law, laws for wealthy people and laws for wealthy people exist, poor, then in 1931 "Skin · Game" (1920) photographed by Alfred Hitchcock, "Escape" photographed a second time in 1948 (1926), Century Fox, Starring Rex Harrison. In the story, a guard who obeys the law encounters a prostitute and accidentally kills the police to protect her. He will escape from prison and meet various people before giving up.
The play of Galsworthy can not be evaluated artistically in his novels but they definitely confirm clearly how severe the attitude is to his early ideal ideals. Even with his pretty cool dramatic work, we are all repressive, spiritual, material, sincere person, all of the mind reacts to lack of consideration, and he for just play Never give way to the request of.
At Girlsworthy, we discover a clear musical charm that captures and holds hidden emotions. His intuition is definitely very satisfying, I can be satisfied with myself with slight implications and broken hints. The irony of Garzon Warthi is just a musical instrument that is distinguished from other writers. Irony has various kinds. One major type is negative, and the fireplace has been getting cold from ancient times, compared to the frost on the window of a house where no fire has occurred. However, there are life-friendly ironies born of warmth, interest, and humanity. Such is Galsworthy. He is sarcastic as I wonder why it must be, in the presence of tragic evil, why it is necessary, and there is nothing to rectify it. Sometimes Garruwasy emphasizes the bitterness and sweetness of accidents, nature participates in his own human play with the help of wind, clouds, scents, and birds. Helped by this irony, he constantly appeals to psychological imagination and is always the best friend of understanding and sympathy.
As we can see, Garusworth was seeking adventure, altruism, social commitment. This will continue in the rest of his life. For example, during the First World War he tried to join the army, but he came back for myopia. Instead he worked as an ordered man in a French hospital. He worked for the French Red Cross and helped Belgian refugees. Galsworthy rejected the Order in 1917, thinking that writers should not accept titles. He also drives away at least half of his income as a humanitarian cause.
In 1924, Galsworthy founded the international writer organization PEN with Catherine Dawson Scott and was elected the first president. Galsworthy and Dawson Scott had a center that started in New York after contacting American reporters. About 40 people gathered at the coffee house club dinner at the beginning of April 19, 1922, and he sent a message of good will. Read by Executive Committee Alexander Black. Girlsworthy sent a warm greetings to the new American center and stated the central idea and hope PEN was founded:
Our writer is a kind of trustee for humanity. if
We harm humanity, we are biased in a narrow sense. And
The more I know each other ... the more chances are
It is not too happy yet, because of the human happiness of the world.
One of the ideas of Garruwasi, which should be held annually, was to dispatch a delegation to all centers, but in 1923 it was the first time in London to host many centers and Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, France , Italy, Norway, Romania, Spain, Sweden, and the United States. The following year, at the American Center, a three-day festival and a discussion were held in May 1924, and an international conference was held. The main objective of this event is John Galsworthy's letter behind Dawson Scott Ms. PEN's hospitality:
Our meeting,
Just a festival, but a gesture of friendship
Deeply widespread importance .... Friends,
The PEN Club was a wonderful dream .... I believe that I am speaking
From your heart, of course, from your heart, when I say, "With
This dream is for us
Great reality. "You may all luck and you will serve
This dream.
A year after Budapest Congress in January 1933, John Galsswasi died of a brain tumor at the glove lodge of Hampstead, home of London, and left his Nobel prize in the trust fund of PEN. I am loved and raised, I see it grows and takes shape. According to his will, he was cremated with Woking scattered from the plane to South Downs and his ashes, but there is also a Highgate & New '39 monument. Cemetery.
After his death, the popularity of his novel declined rapidly, but in 1967 the very successful adaptation of Forsyte Saga redesigned the interest in the writer. Many of John Galsworthy letters and papers are held at the University of Birmingham Special Collections. He produced 20 novels, 27 theaters, 3 poetry collections, 173 short stories, 5 essays collections, 700 letters, and many sketches and miscellaneous works. Galsworthy's socially devoted work was attacked by DH Lawrence and Virginia Woolf. Essay & Bennett and Mrs. Brown writes that Edward authors "have developed innovative composition techniques suitable for their purpose ... but these tools are not our tools, but their business is ours It is not business of. " A young generation writer criticized Garuswasseh thoroughly embodied the value he thought was criticized. On the other hand, his influence was also seen in Thomas Mann's work and widely read in France and Russia. Forsyte Saga was a great success as a BBC TV series in 1967.
Reference:
Nobel Lecture, Literature 1901-1967, Editor Horst Frenz, Elsevier Publishing House, Amsterdam, 1969
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