Because of the high age of the population, emphasis is placed on both carers and parents and children at the same time, there is a possibility of abuse by family members and service providers. In order to understand how abuse of the elderly is occurring, it is necessary to first define signs of abuse, signs, perpetrators, signs of abuse, those who may become victims.
Abuse Elderly people are defined as a type of abuse that harms or is lost to the elderly. It is generally classified into the following categories.
Physical abuse
Physical abuse is a physical force or violence that leads to physical injury, pain, or injury. It includes assault, batteries, inappropriate restraint.
Who is the perpetrator?
The perpetrator may be an acquaintance, son, daughter, grandchild, or someone else. Perpetrators are unmarried, live with victims, there is a high possibility of unemployment. The perpetrator has problems of alcohol and substance abuse. There are also carers for those who abuse.
Who is in danger?
As a group, the victims of physical abuse are not significantly different from the elderly who are not arrested.
What is an indicator?
Indicators are signs or clues that abuse occurred. Physical indicators include injuries and contusions, behavior indicators are victims, abusers act and interact with one another. Many indicators listed below can be explained by other causes (eg, it may be the result of an accidental fall). Also, a single indicator can not be decisive evidence. Rather, you should look for patterns and clusters of indicators that suggest problems.
Physical indicator
* Sprain, dislocation, fracture, fracture
* Tobacco, household appliances, burns from hot water
* Arm, leg, or torso scratch matching rope or strap mark
* Internal injuries such as pain, difficulty of normal function of the organ, bleeding from the hole in the body
* Bruise. The following types of bruises are rare.
o Scratched arms on both sides (which may indicate that a person is grasped, grasped or restrained)
Mocking on both sides of the medial thigh (there is a possibility of showing sexual abuse)
o Bruise "wrap around" that surrounds the elderly's arms, legs, or trunk (which may indicate that the body is restrained)
o Multicolor contusion (indicating sustained over time)
o Injuries healed by 'secondary intention' (indicating not receiving appropriate care)
o Signs of traumatic hair and tooth loss
Behavior indicator
* Injury can not be explained or explanation is unreasonable (does not "fit" to the observed injury)
* Families are differently describing how injuries were sustained
* Similar injury history, and / or multiple or suspicious hospitals
* Victims are brought to different medical facilities for treatment to prevent healthcare personnel from observing patterns of abuse
* Delay between injury and medical care
Sexual abuse
Sexual abuse is all forms of non-conscious physical contact. It includes sexual intercourse with those who lack rape, abuse, or mental abilities to exercise consent.
Who is the perpetrator?
Perpetrators of sexual abuse include attendees, employees of care facilities, family members (including spouses), and others. Residents of the facility may attack the fellow residents.
Who is in danger?
* Most of the identified victims are women, but elderly men are subjected to sexual abuse within the home and in the facility.
* Individuals with physical or cognitive impairment
* Individuals who lack social support and are isolated
What is an indicator?
Indicators are signs or clues that abuse occurred. Physical indicators include injuries and contusions, behavior indicators are victims, abusers act and interact with one another. Some of the indicators listed below can be explained by other causes (inappropriate or abnormal behavior may indicate dementia or drug interactions). Also, a single indicator can not be decisive evidence. Rather, you should look for patterns and clusters of indicators that suggest problems.
Physical indicator
* Genital or anal pain, irritation or bleeding
Bruise to external genitalia or inner thigh *
* It is difficult to walk or sit down.
* Torn, dirty or bloody underwear
* Sexually transmitted diseases
Behavior indicator
* Inappropriate sex role relationship between victim and suspect
* Inappropriate, rare, or aggressive sex acts
domestic violence
Domestic violence is a pattern of violence and intimidation by intimate partners and is used to acquire power and control. Several categories of domestic violence against the elderly have been identified:
"Domestic violence grows older" is an era in which domestic violence begins early and continues until retirement
"Domestic violence in later years" starts in old age. As the partner gets older, more tense relationships and emotional abuse may have been delayed. When abuse begins, or when it gets worse in old age it may be linked as follows.
Retirement
Failure
Changing the role of family
* Sexual change
Some elderly people get into an abusive relationship at the end of their life
Who is the perpetrator?
* Perpetrators are spouses or intimate partners
* The majority are men
* Some perpetrators abuse drugs and alcohol.
Who is in danger?
* An older woman who was abused when her relationship with a spouse or intimate partner was young.
* Elderly female entering an intimate relationship at the end of life
What is an indicator?
Indicators of domestic violence are similar to indicators related to physical abuse and / or sexual abuse (see Physical Abuse and Sexual Abuse). The following additional pattern is also characteristic.
* Frequency and severity of injury may increase over time
* Victim often experiences severe confusion and dissociation
* Violent accidents often continue for a period of tense, and the period of apparent objections continues on the part of the perpetrator
Psychological abuse
Psychological abuse is a deliberate accusation of mental or emotional distress by intimidation, humiliation, or other verbal or nonverbal behavior.
Cultural values and expectations play an important role in how psychological abuse manifests itself and how it affects the victims.
Who is the perpetrator?
The perpetrator may be a family member, a caregiver, or an acquaintance.
Who is in danger?
People who are isolated and have no social or emotional support are particularly vulnerable.
What is an indicator?
Indicators are signs or clues that abuse occurred. Physical indicators have physical changes and declines, and action indicators are the way of behavior and interaction of victims and abusers. Some of the indicators listed below can be explained by other causes and a single indicator can not be definitive evidence. Rather, you should look for patterns and clusters of indicators that suggest problems.
Physical indicator
* Serious weight loss or benefit not due to other causes
* Stress-related condition, including high blood pressure
Behavior indicator
Perpetrator:
* Emotionally isolate the elder without talking, touching, comforting him or her
Elder:
* I have problems with sleep
* Show depression and confusion
* Cowar in the presence of abuse
* Emotionally upsetting, violently upsetting, withdrawing, nonresponsive
* Abnormal behaviors usually resulting from dementia (eg, inhalation, chewing, shaking)
Financial abuse
To have many years of financial abuse,
* Borrow money or wealth
* Forge the signature of the elderly
* Acquisition of elderly people to sign an agent, will, or power of attorney by fraud, compulsory or excessive influence
* Use the property and property of the elderly without permission
* I promised promising lifelong care in exchange for money and wealth
* Trust crime ("cons") is the use of fraud to acquire victims. Trust
* Fraud is a fraud or misconduct
* Fraud is to use fraud, tricky, wrong hypocrisy, or fraudulent acts or statements for financial gain
* Telemarketing fraud. The perpetrator calls the victim and causes them to remit using fraud, fear tactics, or exaggerated assertions. In addition, charges may be charged for the victims. Unauthorized credit card
Who is the perpetrator?
1. Including family, son, daughter, grandchild, or spouse. They are:
* There is substance abuse, gambling, or financial problems
* Inheriting and feeling legitimate by taking over what they believe "almost" or "justly"
* Family of elderly get sick, run out of savings, abusers may be deprived of inheritance
* I have a negative relationship with elderly people, I feel a sense of "qualification"
* I do not want to acquire or inherit assets of the elderly to brothers and other families
2. A suspect who is seeking to exploit a weak elderly. They are:
* To profess to love the elderly ("lover's fraud")
* Seeking employment as personal care attendees, counselors, etc for access
* Run through the neighborhood (to find a person who is isolated), or contact the person who died recently with newspaper death announcement to identify vulnerable person
* Move from community to community to avoid being arrested (temporary criminal)
3. Immoral experts, businessmen, or such persons. They are:
* Overcharge for service or product
* Use fraud and unfair business practices
* Use a trusted or respected position to gain compliance
Who is in danger?
The risk of sacrificing the elderly will increase due to the following conditions or factors.
*isolation
* Loneliness
* Recent loss
* Physical or mental disorders
* I am not familiar with financial problems
* There are families who are unemployed or are substantially abused
Why elderly people are attractive targets?
* People over 50 years of age dominate over 70% of the country's wealth
* Many elderly people do not recognize the value of their assets (especially the houses that are highly appreciated)
* Elderly people are likely to have obstacles to ask other people for assistance. These "helpers" may have access to homes and assets, which may have serious consequences for the elderly
* Predictable patterns (eg, elderly people are more likely to receive monthly checks, so you can predict if elderly have money or need to go to a bank)
Individuals with severe disabilities are also unlikely to act against abusers as a result of disease or embarrassment
* Abusers may assume that weak victims can not survive long enough to comply with legal intervention or do not give persuasive witnesses
* Some elderly people are not very familiar with financial problems
* Financial management is becoming more complex due to advances in technology
What is an indicator?
Indicators are signs or clues that abuse occurred. Some of the indicators listed below can be explained by other causes or factors and a single indicator can not be definitive evidence. Rather, you should look for patterns and clusters of indicators that suggest problems.
* Notice for canceling outstanding invoices, exit notifications, or utilities
* Withdrawal from a bank account or transfer between accounts where elderly people can not explain
* Bank statements and canceled checks no longer flow into nursing homes
* New "Best Friend"
* Legal documents such as lawyers who could not understand at the time the elderly signed
* Abnormal activities in elderly bank accounts, large-scale withdrawals that can not be explained, frequent transfers between accounts, ATM withdrawals etc.
* The care of the elder does not correspond to the size of the property
* Caregivers are overly concerned with the amount spent on the elderly
* Property or property is short
* Suspicious signature of checks or other documents
* Lack of document on financial arrangements
* I can not explain the finances of elderly people and elderly people of carers
* The elderly do not know or understand the financial arrangements made for him or her
Neglect and self ignorance
"Active" abandonment means to deliberately act, that is, caregiver deliberately saves nursing care and necessities. Negligence may be motivated by reflecting monetary benefits (meaning that the caregiver inherits) or reflecting interpersonal conflicts.
"Passive" neglect refers to situations in which a caregiver can not fulfill care as a result of illness, disability, stress, ignorance, lack of maturity, or resource shortage.
"Self-abandoning" refers to a situation where no perpetrator is present, and negligence is the result of the elderly who reflects care.
Who is the perpetrator?
* Perpetrators are caregivers, families, employees of nursing care facilities, others
* Carers who are deficient in appropriate skills, training, time, or energy
* Caregivers with mental health problems such as psychosis patients, alcoholism, substance abuse etc.
* In case of self ignorance, no perpetrator
Who is in danger?
* Individuals with physical or mental disabilities depend on others for nursing care
* Person who needs care. In the literature on care, it is suggested that certain conditions stress the caregiver in particular. This includes fluctuations such as the need for elderly care, sleep disorders, incontinence, lack of support for other families.
* Self-ignorance is often related to mental health problems such as drug abuse, dementia, depression.
What is an indicator?
Indicators are ignored symptoms or clues. Indicators of ignorance include the state of elderly home (environmental indicator), signs of poor care, and behavioral characteristics of caregivers and / or the elderly. Some of the indicators listed below do not mean to ignore, but some reflect the choices of lifestyle, lack of resources, mental health problems, and so on. Signs of neglect observed at home
* Absence of necessities such as food, water, heat
* Lack of utilities, adequate space, insufficient living environment proven by ventilation
* Animal or insect infection
* Signs of drug management, including empty or unmarked bottles and outdated prescriptions
* Damage, wiring failure, insufficient sanitation facilities, clean cleanliness, the result of construction barriers, housing is not safe
Physical index:
Poor personal hygiene including the presence of dirty clothes, dirty nails and skin, mat or louse infected hair, malodor, and feces or urine
* Uncloned due to the weather, or inappropriately dressed
* Duobovich (pressure ulcer)
* Skin rash
* Dehydration is evidenced by low urinary excreta, dry fragile skin, mouth of dry pain, indifference, energy deficiency, and mental confusion
* Untreated medical or mental condition such as infection, dirty bandage, unmanned fracture
* Lack of necessary dentures, eyeglasses, hearing aids, pedestrians, wheelchairs, braces, or coma
* The deterioration of chronic illness is permanently care plan
* Dementia worsening
Behavior indicator:
Observed by carer / abuser
* Express anger, frustration, frustration
* Isolate senior citizens from foreigners, friends, or relatives
* Clearly lacks care skills
* Unreasonably critical and / or dissatisfied with social and health care workers, frequently changing providers
* Refuse to apply for economic assistance and services for the elderly, resist external support
Observed by the victim:
* Show emotional distress such as crying, depression, despair
* Nightmares and sleeping disorders
* Anorexia unrelated to medical condition
* Confused and confused (this may be the result of malnutrition)
* To emotionally paralyze, withdraw or withdraw
* Show regressive behavior
* Indicate self-destructive behavior
* Show fear of caregivers
* Express unrealistic expectations on care (for example, insisting that care is appropriate when care is not appropriate, claiming that the situation improves)
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